Non-conducting covering



"(No Model.)

H. O. GOODELL.

' NON CONDUCTING GOV ERING. v No. 274,313. "Patented Mar. 20,- 1883.

N. PEIERS, Photo-Lithographer, Wnshinglon. D. C.

UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

HENRY O. GOODELL, OF ATOHISON, KANSAS.-

NONI-CONDUCTING COVERING.

SPECIFICATION formingpart of Letters Patent No. 274,313, dated March 20, 1883.

(No model.)

ject is to provide an economical covering which shall at the same time be an effective means for preventing the escape and consequent loss of heat by surface radiation or contact with other bodies, and shall also be easily applied.

Myinvention consists essentially of a plastic compound composed of lamp-black with a fibrous or plastic material,or either of them,

mixed therewith, and adapted to be applied and to harden upon the surface of the pipe, boiler, or other structure from or into which the passage of the heat is to be obstructed.

Hereinafter I have fully described my in vention and the best means known to me for the practical use and application of it.

In Letters Patent of the United States reissued on the 30th day of November, 1880, and numbered 9,483, is described a receptacle provided with double walls, with a filling of lampblack, to render the walls, as far as practicable,impervious to the passage of caloric.

The loose lamp-black-that is to say, lampblack in its ordinary condition unmixed, or with a percentage of fibrous material-is a nonconductor of heat when placed between double walls; but it is not practicable so to apply the material upon pipes which are used to convey steam, hot air, or for like purposes, nor upon the outside shells of boilers or other heatgenerators, nor is it practicable to apply the 1am pblack mixed with cement or lime directly to the surfaces by reason of the lack of adhesiveness of the mixture. Further, in order to give thebest results certain details of construction are essential or important, consisting in applying the coating in two or more layers. These are shown in the accompanying drawing. in which is represented a section of part of a boiler-shell coated in accordance with my invention. y

In carrying out my invention, when applying it to the coating of smooth'boilers, pipes, or likesurfaces, I coat said surfaces with a forty to fifty parts.

mixture to which, when applied, the mixture containing the lamp-black will adhere. This coat consists of about sixty-five parts of wellslaked qnicklime, thirty-five parts of crushed or ground asbestus, and enough of water to makea thick mortar. The amountof asbestos may be increased under some circumstances to givesufficientadhesiveness. Somelamp-black may be added to this first coat, if necessary. This coating is applied directly to the pipe or other surface, said surface being preferably hot when so covered, asthe asbestos sticks more readily to the heated surface. For a second coating, 1 take of well-slaked quicklime forty to fifty parts, of vegetable coarse fiber fifty to sixty parts. These ingredients I mix with water and bring to a proper temper, and afterward add to them of lamp-black from The difficulty of penetrating lamp-black with water makes it necessary to first mix the other ingredients and then to add the lamp-black thereto. The body of the covering-that is to say, the largest proportion of it-is of this second composition just described. This, notwithstanding the large proportion of the lamp-black, which is not in itself adhesive, will stick to the rough coating first applied, and it may be put on in any desired thickness corresponding to the degree of heat to be resisted. It is not necessary to mix the asbestus fiber with this second coating, as it will not ordinarily be subjected to sufiicient heat to destroy the vegetable fiber. Hair might be used, but not so well, as it is liable to lose its strength under the heat. The second coating is put on with a trowel or some equivalent instrument, and when it is sufficiently dry I prefer to wrap it with well-annealed wire in circumstances where it can be done. This renders the coating solid and permanent. For the under side of large surfaces it might be necessary to apply the wire before the second coating was all on--that is to say, after the first layer of it was putonasit may be applied in several layers. This would prevent sagging of the heavy body of coating. After the second coating is applied, for a finish I have specified particularly the parts, it will be understood that these proportions are not necessarily to be adhered to closely, but there may be variations within considerable limits without material variation in the result. I have specified what I consider the best proportions. On a large oval surface, for example, greater proportion of lamp-black can be used than on a small oval surface. It will be apparent thatiin many cases much greater amount of adhesiveness will be required than in others, and the coatings may be varied accordingly. Undernocircumstancesneedexactness or nicety be used in mixing the parts. Under some circumstances the third coating may be omitted, where the first and second would give sufficient protection and finish.

Instead of the lime, I may use cement, plaster-of-paris, or any equivalent of thesesubstances. For the vegetable fiber I may use wood or paper pulp or the fiber of other vege table substances.

It is better to apply the mixture of asbest-us and lime to the surface of the iron in small quantities, like patch-work, at first, instead of spreading it all on at once, like ordinary mortar. 011 very rough boilers this first coating might not be necessary. I have found that a coating such as I have described from threei'ourths of an inch to an inch and a quarter gives excellent results.

In the drawings 1 have represented the iron at a, the first coating at b, the second coating at 0. The wire coating is indicated at d and the other or finishing coat at f.

It will be apparent that these coatings may be applied to steam-boilers, steam and hot-air )i es or an similar i es or vessels. It is in fact, applicable to any situation where the passage of heat is to be prevented, and would serve as a desirable plaster and roof covering for houses in hot climates.

I am awarethat most of theingredients mentioned as composing my improved covering are individually old and have been separately applied to like purposes before. I do not therefore claim the use of such ingredients separately, but, as I have found that marked advantages arise from their use in the particular relations and proportions described,

I clai1n- 1. Anon-conductingcoveringfor boilers and pipes and the like, consisting of a base or adhesive coating applied directly to the surface to be protected, composed of slaked lime, cement, or equivalent substance, and asbestus, in combination with one or more outer coatings composed of lamp-black and fibrous material applied to the said base-coating. 2. Anon-conductingcoveringfor pipes, boilers, and the like, consisting of lamp-black, slaked lime or cement, and vegetable fiber in substantially the proportions specified.

In testimony whereof I have signed my name to this specification in the presence of two subscribing witnesscs.

HENRY G. GOODELL,

Witnesses:

JOHN TOMLINSON, U. A. LAYNG. 

